Dce Unit 6

E1. Collate evidence which describes the role of the practitioner in working towards a healthy lifestyle and environment for children. In this section I will cover the role of the practitioner in working to provide children with a healthy lifestyle and how it is really important of making sure that the child gets everything they need to stay healthy. There are many different ways the practitioner can promote a healthy lifestyle and this can be done through: Activities children can do to understand and gain a healthy lifestyle: Reading booksRole play- farm shop Physical games- running, riding bikes and scooters and soft play area Spending time washing hands after going to the toilet, before eating or after sneezing Brushing your teeth (not all settings do this but some do to encourage children to be able to brush their teeth on their own) Singing songs that can help children to understand about healthy foods and not healthy. It is important not to tell children that crisps and chocola te is not good for you because they may not want to eat it.There is no good or bad food it is just a case of balancing the child’s diet so it is part of the practitioner’s role to provide healthy snacks and meals to ensure that they are getting their five-a-day. Having tick charts can be a good way to promote a healthy lifestyle. By ticking off each day what the child has had to eat can encourage them to eat more healthily. Daily exercise- children like to run around but for those who like to sit quietly, the practitioner should plan activities to include those children so they are getting the exercise they need in order to have a healthy lifestyle.E2. Provide information about legislation which supports the rights of children to a healthy lifestyle. Here are some legislations that support the rights of children: LEGISLATION DESCRIPTION Human Rights Act 2000 This act was designed to give children the same rights as adults. United Convention on the Rights of the Child T his act seeks respect that children have a right to and deserve. Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 This act is designed to make sure that adults working with children and other vulnerable groups are vetted not just in childcare but also in other organisations.Childcare Act 2006 This act incorporates the welfare standards with which all settings with children under the age of eight use the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS). Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) This act states which substances which can make people ill or injure themselves must be stored and used in the proper manner. Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR) 1995 This act requires the recording of any accidents or illnesses at the setting or work placement.E3. Provide information about a range of factors which may affect children’s health and well-being at differing times in their lives. Factors that affect the health of children: Poverty St ress Pollution Housing Unsafe environments Low birth weight Smoking Drug and alcohol misuse during pregnancy Lifestyle Families and community Illness and disability Most of these factors have a negative factor on a child's health but some of them can have a positive effect. For example a child's lifestyle can make a huge difference to his health.If a child is eating a well-balanced diet then the child's health would be a good one because he is getting all the nutrients and vitamins he needs. And it a child is very active the child can benefit from this because as they grow older the exercise they have done while they are young will enable them to do a lot more things when they are older. E4. Include evidence of the effects of these factors on children’s health. These are the consequences that the factors stated in E3 that affect a child’s health: SmokingSmoking during pregnancy can result in the child being smaller, having a low birth weight and the child is more likel y to suffer from asthma when they are older or at a very young age. Poor housing Poor housing can affect children’s health through dampness, over-crowding and infestation of insects and other vermin. Poverty If people are living in poverty they will not be able to require adequate housing which will then affect their health as mentioned above. Department of Health states that â€Å"families living in poverty are less likely than other families to access health and other supportive services.In addition to this children will be more susceptible to obesity tooth decay and unnecessary injury†. Some children may already be exposed to diseases but are not diagnosed until something happens to trigger it. E5. Include examples of different routines for children which will maintain a healthy lifestyle. All children need a routine otherwise they will get really confused and it may cause them to be distressed. Below is an example of a routine for a one year old. TIME ACTIVITY REAS ON RISKS 9:00 Arrive and meet and greet 1:1 settling. Time for parents to talk to key person and to discuss any changes.Builds social and emotional development Opportunity to learn more about the child No risk 9:30 Registration Builds social development No risk 9:45 Play time whilst adult carries out observations one that child or others. Builds PSED, CD, KUW, PD and CLL. Depends what activity the child is doing also depends on the development area Toys being damaged and the child hurting himself 10:15 Snack time sits with other children Stays healthy and builds social development Possible risk of choking on food 10:30 Outside play Builds PD, KUW, PSRN, CLL, PSED and CD. Could fall over; hurt themselves on the toys outside. 1:00 Choosing- does whatever the other children do Lets the child decide on what she wants to play with (child-initiated) Toys could be damaged or broken. 11:30 Sleep/read stories Relaxation No risk 12:00 Lunch time Stays healthy and builds social development Ris k of choking on food 12:30 Sleep/story time Relaxation No risk 1:00 Play- outside or inside (child initiated) Builds PSED, CD, KUW, PD and CLL. Toys could be damaged or broken 1:30 Soft play with Builds CD,KUW, CLL, PSRN, PSED, and PD.Child falling off and hurting themselves 2:00 Play- whilst adult carries out observation Builds PSED, CD, KUW, PD and CLL. Allows the practitioner to plan activities the child can do. Toys broken 3:00 Home time Spends the rest of the day with parents No risk It is really important that a routine is followed with any child because it keeps them safe, promotes a healthy diet, allows time for the child to exercise whether it is through play or physical activity, keeps the child stimulated, allows them to have times of sleep and rest, promotes hygiene, builds a child’s independence and it shows the child love and affection.Not all children follow the same routine so the practitioners need to plan and put together routines for children who have spec ific needs so they will not be left out otherwise they could develop self- esteem and self-confidence problems when they are older. (ref E8) E6. Include descriptions of TWO activities which are suitable to use with children to promote a healthy lifestyle. There are many activities for children that enable the practitioner to promote a healthy lifestyle. For example, at placement I have come up with an activity promoting hygiene.I have noticed that some children do not like to use soap so the activity I have come up with an idea that allows children to make their own soap that they can use to stay hygienic and prevent germs. It also gives the children a sense of independence and ownership. Below is a recipe for making soap. Instructions Set a kitchen vegetable grater into a large bowl, and give it to your child. Show her how to grate a white or light-colored bar of soap into the bowl. You’ll need one cup of soap shavings. Ask her to split the shavings into four smaller bowls. Give your child a bowl of warm water and a spoon.Have her to dip the fingers of one hand into the water and shake it into one of the bowls of soap shavings. Add several drops of liquid food coloring, and ask her to stir the mixture. Add more coloring drop by drop to deepen the shade until she’s happy with it. Have her scoop the blob of soap out of the bowl and knead it into a ball. Ask her to knead, pinch, pull, stretch and generally mess with it until it’s pliable with the consistency of Play-Dough. If it’s too stiff, add a few more drops of warm water. Show your child how to pinch off small pieces of the soap dough ball and form them into shapes.Roll a ball of dough into a cylinder about ? -inch thick or a little larger to make a fat crayon for pudgy fingers. Encourage her to create silly animals, geometric shapes or anything else that she can think of. Press some of the dough into the cells of ice trays for some uniformly shaped soap crayons. Line a cookie sh eet with paper towels. Arrange the completed shapes on the towels with space in between them. Put the sheet of soap shapes and the ice trays into the freezer for 10 minutes. Remove the cookie sheet and the ice trays from the freezer. Pop the crayons out of the ice trays and add them to the shapes on the cookie sheet.Set the tray of soap crayons in a cool, dry spot for two days to harden and dry thoroughly. When doing an activity with children the practitioner must be aware of each individual child’s needs and capabilities. For example, some of the children may not like the feel of the soap in their hands when in the stage of molding it together so when I come to do this activity I will put out spoons so the children have the choose whether they want to use spoons or not. This way none of the children will be left out just because they did not like the feel of the soap. This way I am showing a diverse and inclusive practice. (ref E8. )

Romeo and Juliet- Dilemmas

Out of the frying pan into the fire: The cause and effect Friar Lawrence’s dilemma, in William Shakespeare’s play, Romeo and Juliet. A dilemma is a very unfortunate thing that no individual should ever have to face. A dilemma is a very tough choice in which there are many choices, all of which usually have bad outcomes.William Shakespeare gives us many examples of a dilemma throughout his play of, Romeo and Juliet, some of the dilemma’s Shakespeare shows us, is when Friar Laurence has to decide whether to marry Romeo and Juliet, how he has to decide how to get Romeo and Juliet back together after Romeo is banished, and finally how his choice leads to the death of the two star crossed lovers.Through friar Laurence’s example, William Shakespeare demonstrates that when faced with a dilemma go with a simple choice, because when ideas become complex there is more room for error. Initially we see Friar Laurence as a man of the church who disapproves of Romeoâ₠¬â„¢s love for Rosaline, but also disapproves of him changing whom he loves very quickly. Friar Laurence tells Romeo that he is going through love to quickly, (Holy Saint Francis!What a change is here! Is Rosaline that thou didst love so dear, So soon forsaken? Young men’s love then lies Not truly in their hearts, but in their eyes†2. 3. 66-69) This is only some of the wisdom spoken by Friar Laurence to young Romeo in William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet on the decision made by him to wed thirteen year old Juliet in such hastiness after shedding his love for Rosaline.Romeo sought after instruction through the wisdom of Friar Laurence when he first met Juliet as there was no one else he could turn to, especially when the couple decided they wanted to get married. At that point in the play, it became apparent to Friar Laurence that if he were to marry Romeo and Juliet that it could abolish the hatred between the Capulet’s and the Montague’s, and con cludes that he will help Romeo and Juliet plot their marriage in secret, hoping that it will bring their family’s together.However, after Friar Laurence marries Romeo and Juliet, he is confronted with the obstacle of Romeo being banished, which causes him too struggle as he seeks to find a way to keep Romeo and Juliet together. Juliet convinces Friar Laurence to help her by coming up with a plan to bring Romeo and Juliet back together, (God joined my heart and Romeo's, thou our hands; And ere this hand, by thee to Romeo's sealed, Shall be the label to another deed†¦Could to no issue of true honor bring! Be not so long to speak!I long to die, If what thou speak'st, speak not of remedy! 4. 1. 56-58 ; 66-68). In the discussion Juliet blames Friar Laurence for marrying her to Romeo, and blames him for Romeo being banished, she tells him it is his entire fault and he needs to fix it, thus evoking Friar Laurence to come up with a plan to help her spend time with Romeo. Consequ ently when Friar Laurence comes up with a complex plan, when something that Juliet said sparks an idea, (O, bid me leap, rather than marry Paris, 4. . 78) Juliet tells him that she would rater die than marry Paris, which brings him to the idea of faking Juliet’s death. He believes, with a draft that puts Juliet to sleep, and makes her look dead, her family will put her in the family vault. Then as a second stage of the plan a letter would be given to Romeo telling him to come to the burial vault, where they will meet, and then after she awakes they will be able to run off together, and live somewhere else happily ever after.But the complexity of father Laurence's plan leads to a miscommunication, which causes the death of both star crossed lovers. Romeo fails to receive Friar Laurence's letter and receives the news of Juliet's death from a relative, but the relative does not know of the plan behind her death. Romeo goes to visit the burial vault, and kills himself over Juliet 's seemingly dead body, soon after she awakes and then kills herself once she realizes Romeo is dead.This is why a dilemma is so complicated and why it should not be forced upon anyone. As demonstrated by William Shakespeare in his play Romeo and Juliet, a dilemma is a choice with much room for error and needs to be gone through with much precaution. William Shakespeare saw the need to put dilemmas in his play and understood the importance of choices that seemed like every day choices, but had hard decisions involved, choices in which the power to change the whole story line is held.These choices are shown by William Shakespeare's character Friar Laurence, as he has to decide whether to marry Romeo and Juliet, he has to decide how get Romeo and Juliet back together after Romeo is banished, and finally when his choices lead to the death of Romeo and Juliet. One bit of advice that should be taken from this play is that, when faced with a dilemma go with a simple choice, because when i deas become complex there is more room for error.

Conflict in Short Story Essay

Essay on the Conflict Presented in William Faulkner’s Short Story, â€Å"Barn Burning† Conflict in literary works can be presented in a multitude of ways and it can be about almost everything that presents opposing forces. In William Faulkner’s short story, Barn Burning, the conflict is indeed about two opposing forces—that of the father and the son who values different things and who sees things differently. However, this is not the only conflict that the story illustrates. More than the physical conflict which the father and the son so obviously have, there is a hidden conflict present which is within the son. This conflict is the battle between what is right as defined by the law which the son upholds versus what is correct as defined by familial loyalty. The story revolves around the case of the father, Mr. Snopes who is accused of burning the barn of Mr. Harris. Though the case is dismissed, the Snopes name is forever tainted and the family decides to leave town and relocate. In the beginning of the story itself, Colonel Sartoris Snopes, the little boy protagonist and youngest son of Mr. Snopes is in turmoil since he knows that his father did indeed order that the barn of Mr. Harris be burned. Readers are able to see the conflict within the character of Sartoris who wants to say the truth but who wants to be loyal to his father, a father who nurtured, sheltered, fed and protected him. Sartoris decides that he will be loyal to his father even to the point of regarding Mr. Harris as their common enemy: â€Å"our enemy he thought in that despair; ourn! Mine and hisn both! He’s my father! † (Faulkner, 1939, p. 1137). This parade of thoughts that Sartoris conjures up in his mind is the beginning of the battle of his conscience of whether he wants to abide by the loyalty that he owes his father and family or abide by societal laws. These thoughts are actually also a reflection of Sartoris convincing himself that he must at all cost, abide by familial loyalty. The same strain of thought pops again when the judge in charge of the case calls on Sartoris to testify whether his father really had a hand in the burning of the barn: â€Å"He aims for me to lie, he thought, again with that frantic grief and despair. And I will have to do it. † (Faulkner, 1939, 1138). Sartoris knows that his father is guilty and yet he also knows that he must lie to protect his father and the reputation of the rest of the family members, that he has no choice. Later on when the family leaves town to relocate, the father calls the son to ask him whether he would tell the judge the truth. This moment is where the father explains to the son what to do and what the importance of familial piety and loyalty is: â€Å"You got to learn to stick to your own blood or you ain’t going to have any blood to stick to you† (Faulkner, 1939, p. 1140). This explanation of the father sums up the conflict that they have with each other: the father thinks that even if a family member is wrong, the others have to stick to that wronged member while the son thinks that truth and justice are more important. This difference in opinions, values and perspectives turn out to be crucial points in the end when the father runs into trouble again and decides to burn another barn. The son finally decides without hesitation that he will not stand up for his father and for the rest of the family who chose to stand with the father. The son decides to stop the father by calling the attention of the barn owner that there is something amiss. Thus, the son wins over the father twice in the sense that he chooses to abide by his own beliefs while at the same time upholding the laws of society and saving the property of the other. However, there is also a sense of loss of the boy since he has lost his family and he causes the death of his own father by reporting him to De Spain, the barn owner. In a way, the father’s explanation with the son comes true: since the son did not stick to his blood, his blood will also not to stick to him meaning that his family (the rest of the Snopes) will also decide to leave him or be disloyal to him. In conclusion, the conflict in the story is between father and son; and between the son’s loyalties to his family versus his moral obligations to the laws of society. Both conflicts are also resolved by the end of Faulkner’s short story with the death of the father. However, there is a possibility that a new conflict arises in the loneliness that the son is now going to experience as he makes his own way in the world and whether he can survive that loneliness. References Faulkner, W. (1939). Barn burning. The Harper American literature, v. 2, 2nd ed. Ed. McQuade, D. , et al. New York: HarperCollinsPublishers Inc. pp. 1137-1149.

Some Patterns of Paragraph Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Some Patterns of Paragraph Development - Essay Example pets feed on a special diet that the owners fully budget for and higher personal veterinary doctors, who monitor and keep a close check on the pets’ health. The unique treatments highlighted are the exact treatments parents give their children to show affection and love to them. Since the pets receive treatment in a similar manner as children, it is, therefore, justifiable to conclude that people treat pets like surrogate children. In the social media for instance, there exist several pages created using the pet’s names for profiles. The owners of the pets buy gifts for them and organize anniversary celebrations after they die. Driving should be subject to utmost keenness and concentration. Most reckless drivers have caused more incidences of road accidents in several instances. The drivers fail to abide by the set traffic rules that should guide driving in the specific state. The failure to observe such rules causes accidents leading to massive loss of lives. For instance, some of the drivers take alcohol on duty. Alcohol reduces a driver’s alertness and visibility while driving. The result is an increasing in the number of traffic related accidents. Such accidents are avoidable by the drivers following the traffic rules to the latter. Deliberate assumption and ignorance of the regulation leading to loss of life is foolishness. Such foolishness makes the drivers’ actions unbelievable. Tobacco use is the principal cause of preventable health hazards, disabilities, and premature death in most states. Smoking leads to the development stroke and coronary heart diseases. Passive smokers are the indirect users of tobacco who inhale the exhaled smoke that the active smokers smoke out. Smoking leads to lung cancer and lung-related diseases like emphysema and bronchitis. The diseases have no definite treatment or cure, hence making tobacco a serious health peril. The passive smokers are at a higher risk of contracting the smoking related diseases and health

Global Marketing Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Marketing Strategy - Essay Example In the research, the main areas of interest will be to reach out to various experts and gain a better understanding of the global objectives. This will provide the readers with a better understanding of the needs to create strong global strategies.   Notably, the only way that one can succeed is by taking advantage of the global operational differences, opportunities, and similarities to come up with competitive means of marketing products to meet global objectives. The main aim of global marketing is, therefore, to be in control of the market through comprehensive skills only acquired through research and conclusive education. There have been a number of researches that have been conducted in this area of study. Studies have been focused on what global strategies are and how they work. However, there have not been any studies on the major objectives that need to be kept in mind by the companies to set down the objectives of the global strategies. This research hence will deal with this area. The next section provides the reasons to choose the topic and also the researcher part in the area. This topic is one with great relevance in the current marketing field. The prevalence of global marketing strategy has been a constant increase over the years. This is now becoming a basic need for all the businesses across the world. Hence the researcher has chosen this topic for the research as it will allow being able to cover areas that have not been reached out to and also ensure that ever possible view from the various experts in the field.

The project initiation document focused on a work-based enterprise Essay

The project initiation document focused on a work-based enterprise - Essay Example The tools that will be used to control the project include a Gantt chart and a network diagram. It is recommended that project leadership be at a high level to facilitate the successful completion of the project. Introduction Projects are a part of the ongoing activities in an organisation. Projects will facilitate the growth of Bryson Motors Co Ltd. Schwalbe (2009) indicates that a project is a temporary endeavour which aims to create a new product, service or result. This project is temporary and aims to create a new result at the company. The company already has a customer service department but this project aims to improve it so that customers’ needs can be better satisfied in an efficient and effective manner. The current situation is that there is a lack of regular updates in relation to shipping and document processing. The company does not have the staff and other resources to fully satisfy some of the needs of customers. Projects typically go through a cycle and this project is no different. The standard cycle of a project consists of four phases. They are initiation, planning, execution and closure. The main emphasis in this paper is on the initiation phase. In some cases changes will be required to the original plan and so this will therefore require adaptation. Initiation represents the first phase and during this time the scope and objectives of the project are determined and outlined. The planning stage sets out the human resource plan, the financing plan, the communication plan, and the risk management plan. In some cases there may be a need for a process of adaptation. This will be determined from the monitoring activities of the project manager. If changes are necessary then the plan will be adjusted in order to facilitate the implementation of these changes. The results of the project – in this case the implementation of a computerised system to facilitate the transportation management system. If every thing is satisfactory and o bjectives are achieved then closure of the project is in order. Aims and goals It has been identified that Bryson Motors Co. Ltd is having problems in the provision of quality customer service. The aim of this project is to improve customer service at the company through the implementation of transportation management system software. This will facilitate growth and development of the organisation as customers will be attracted to the quality of the company’s customer service. However, before this can be done a computerised system needs to be put in place to capture all the activities that takes place between the company and its customers as well as the company and its suppliers. The formation of goals and objectives includes a definition of the scope which indicates the actual work that needs to be done; the unique product, service or result that will be delivered as well as the result that is expected (Schwalbe 2009). Customers will be able to access information on their sh ipment (order) from the web instead of having to call Bryson Motors directly. This will free up sales staff to the extent that they will then be able to spend more time getting more customers and therefore earning more income for the company and for themselves. Scope of project This project will involve the work of an external contractor setting up a computerised system that will be able to incorporate transportation management system software. This will enable the tracking of shipment and documentation of

Asian Management - Management in India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Asian Management - Management in India - Essay Example Indian economy during 1950 to 1980 was highly dominated by the agriculture sector and the five year plan. Some of the acts which were introduced during this period were Industrial Policy Resolution 1956 also called as the unleashing of ‘license raj’, Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act (MRTP) and Import substitution. (PBS, 2004) Bureaucratic control of private sector through licenses, permits, taxes and tariff infuriated quality global competitiveness and managerial imagination. This high level restriction, poor quality of infrastructure along with high level of corruption caused to migration of entrepreneurs from India. Family conglomeration was seen in the Indian corporate sector led by names like Birla, Reliance, Tata, Bajaj, Mahindra, Godrej and Thapar. Rajiv Gandhi emphasizes economic liberalization and pushes for development of the technology sector. The government introduces economic reforms, including reduced quantitative restrictions on imports, decreased subsidies, fewer licensing requirements, the sale of shares in select public enterprises, and tax reforms.(Source: Veen R.V., 2006) During this period of liberalization comprehensive changes were seen in the mindset of corporate leaders. India became the host for the global firms which brought world class management in the country. Indian education system improved and India produced half a million of engineers, thousands of doctor and MBAs per year. Indian entrepreneurs who were used to the art of manipulating, managing and circumventing the regime of controls and restrictions and the power centre of licensing, would be able to break away from the past and rise to the occasion of liberalization. The country stepped into liberalization. The government sold off shares in its companies and opens the door to foreign investment. Liberalization brought GDP growth to 7 percent, and pushed the inflation down. A new private sector emerged, especially in technology services, side by side

Discrimination and the Future of Marriage Coursework

Discrimination and the Future of Marriage - Coursework Example For instance, Miranda vs Arizona was something that proved to be in violation of fourth amendment. As far as the 14th amendment is concerned, In addition, the Fourteenth Amendment guarantees equal protection under the law while the Fifteenth Amendment declines racial discrimination during elections. However one must wonder, even with all the legislations enacted, discrimination continues to be the focal point in society. The first section is violated by DOMA because it induces â€Å"abridge the privileges of immunities of the citizens.† Since DOMA strictly confines a heterogeneous marriage, it goes against the fourteenth amendment. The fourteenth amendment allows individuals to have equal rights amendment, but the Supreme Court took this approach very subjectively. The 14th amendment is explicit that, â€Å"Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. At this point, the congress exercises its full power by ensuring that marriages are

My Ethical System and Its Justification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

My Ethical System and Its Justification - Essay Example Faith is good because it serves as an unseen yet strong force that compels me to reject evil and choose good. Prudence is good, because it helps me become wiser. Justice is good, because it brings harmony to society as it ensures fairness. When everything is fair, resentment and retaliation could hardly win, which results to peace and order, thus making people’s lives happy and contented. Compassion is good because it awakens our responsibility to care for others. An act that could also help others becomes better persons. The more this world has better persons, the better place this world will be. Humility is good because it frees me from guilt and makes me feel good. Self-control is good because it restrains me from my ill desires while realigns me to what I ought to be. Fortitude is good because it gives me the strength to stand for what is right, whatever the consequence. And hope is good because it keeps me does what is good even in darkest hours. ... My philosophy resembles that of Aristotle’s Nichomachean ethics, which belief is that man ought to live a virtuous life to achieve genuine happiness (Pakaluk 49). We similarly share this belief added to the fact that we both believe in the four cardinal virtues that define what is good. However, unlike Aristotle’s, I believe that added to the four cardinal virtues, which speaks for intellectual virtue, emotional virtue, volitional virtue, and social virtue, there is a need for spiritual virtue like faith – the strongest weapon man can hold onto. II. Justifying my ethical system My ethical system is grounded on my belief that man’s being – as being the master creation and the highest form of creation – must live a virtuous life. This is what differentiates man from animals; this is the way by which man can achieve the task to which his/her being rests – the steward of creation. In man lies the progress and doom of the world; in man lies the future of humanity. The world can only be a happy place to live in if man truly lives a virtuous life, because by living a virtuous life, as defined above, man is not only able to better his/her self, but is also giving others the opportunity to see the difference between good and evil. Thus they can have an enlightened choice. Moreover, it is only in living a virtuous life that man can bring harmony to society and to humanity, thereby achieving genuine happiness in life. It is no secret that what make life in this world miserable and what makes this world chaotic are man’s evil ways, as most are blinded with power, fame, material gratification and selfishness. Man’s evil ways is also dehumanizing – something that is against man’s

Reduced Budget Plan U2IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reduced Budget Plan U2IP - Research Paper Example Lean production philosophy has also been covered in the research paper. Comparison has been done between accounting principles in lean production with that of typical production. The project basically throws light on the cost perspectives in an organization. Managerial Accounting Vs Cost Accounting Managerial accounting encompasses cost accounting and covers a broader scope than cost accounting. Highlights on the differences between managerial accounting and cost accounting are enumerated below: Managerial accounting includes cost accounting as well as financial accounting whereas cost accounting includes cost information only for managerial use. Managerial accounting is carried out for decision-making whereas cost accounting is used for the purpose of ascertaining cost and cost control. Managerial accounting deals with qualitative as well as quantitative aspects whereas it deals with only quantitative aspects. Cost accounting involves working out cost per unit whereas managerial acc ounting includes further comparative analysis of figures and statements. Managerial accounting has a more future-oriented approach whereas cost accounting is historical in approach and makes projections based on historical data. Managerial accounting cannot be installed without a proper cost accounting system whereas cost accounting does not require management accounting for its installation. Lean Production Philosophy It is manufacturing technique to boost profitability and efficiency. It aimed at reducing the time lag between customer order and delivery by elimination of wastages in the production system. The companies in order to have a successful lean production system in place should practice if not all most of the technical requirements: Kaizen: Kai means continuous and Zen means improvement. It relates to continuous improvement in cost, design, quality and delivery. Kanban: It needs to be in place. Step change: To eliminate waste there is a need to make radical improvements o f an activity. Supplier base reduction: Attempts to reduce engagement with large number of suppliers. Cellular manufacturing: In order to reduce process, waiting and transport time it is essential to group closely all the facilities in place to produce a product. Total productive maintenance (TPM): It is aimed at improving consistency, capacity and reliability of machines. Five S and general visual management: Aimed at reducing inefficiency and clutter of any office or production system. Value and the seven wastes: The notion of value shouldn’t be ignored ever. Supplier development: Focus is on developing links with suppliers and working closely with them. Single minute exchange of dies (SMED): It is necessary to eliminate delays in change-over times on machines in order to improve work flows and reduce lead time. Single piece flow needs to be in operation: One complete product should flow through stages of operation at a time (Bhasin, 2004, pp. 57-58). Accounting Principles in Lean Production and Typical Production Lean production follows the same Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) as in typical production. Lean accounting enables value based pricing i.e. by value streams focussing on customer value whereas in typical accounting is cost based pricing. Both enable inventory valuation but lean accounting values inventory better and easier. Lean accounting enables value stream financial improvement and control to pursue perfection whereas

Week 3 Chapter 7 QM Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week 3 Chapter 7 QM - Assignment Example These are people with whom company interacts before processes take place are called suppliers. On the other hand, people who come in contact with the company after the process of manufacturing or rendering services are called customers. Whereas, according to the contemporary viewpoint both customers and suppliers are existed inside and outside the company. In the total quality setting, customers play a pivotal and central role as they define quality. In the total quality setting customers are given top priority as they are success determinant for company. Reliable customer (one who makes repeated purchases) ensures the long term success of the company; therefore, its satisfaction is important. Reliable customer is the one who is satisfied with the company’s offerings and keep on making repeated purchases. Reliable customer can only be achieved by the company when he/she is highly satisfied. Customer satisfaction plays a key role in transforming a customer into a reliable customer. This is because once the customer is highly satisfied with what it is getting out of the product or product is exceeding his expectation only then he/she will make repetitive purchase. Otherwise, customer will simply switch to another product. Customer satisfaction can be ensured by bringing company’s employees in close contact with customers in order to find out their problems and complains related to products. Simultaneously, company should bestow powers in employees so that they could take actions to eradicate customer’s problems and make them satisfied in the end. The organization should identify needs of its internal and external customers thoroughly. It should communication with them on the regular basis. Organization should also look into customer’s feedback in order to establish a customer focus structure. Organizations should communicate with their customers on continual basis in order to know about the changes

The Supply Chain in A Brick and Mortar Environment Essay Example for Free

The Supply Chain in A Brick and Mortar Environment Essay The trading of company stock to the public has been going on for many, many years. Over the years the supply chain for buying and selling equity stock has changed with innovations in technology. Today, the old brick and mortar environment of equity trading is being replaced by virtual trading through websites like Ameritrade, E-Trade, and Trade Station. Brick and MortarWhen a privately held company needs money to expand their business, quite often they choose to sell part of the company through a public stock offering. To facilitate this process an investment banker is most often involved helping value the company and determine the price of each share of stock. Once the value of each share of stock is determined and the amount of funds needed by the company are complete, the investment banker forms a syndicate of broker/dealers who take on the responsibility of either purchasing all the shares of stock the company has to offer or to help sell in an initial public offering. The investment banker and syndicate members receive a concession for each share of stock sold. For example, if one share of stock is being offered at a price of one dollar, the investment banker and syndicate may split a 20 cent concession for their efforts. The process in which the stock is offered to investors prior to the development of the Internet was generally through brokers calling investors via the telephone. Another common way was the actual store front or office of a broker/dealer where individual investors could actually walk into an office and purchase new stock offerings directly. These offices were branch offices of a much larger firm like Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanley, and Charles Schwab who might have been members of the offering syndicate. Brick and MortarSupply ChainIn the apparel industry there are several specific methods of the supply chain as it relates to the classic brick and mortar environment and one method really does not have a benefit over the other. The first method of discussion for the classic supply chain is the direct supply method where a company will make direct contact with its material suppliers to place orders; the supplier will then make arrangements to ship the material to the specified destination. This method generally takes a great deal of coordination on the purchasers parts because they may many different parts for many different department so generally it would  require a very expensive staff to ensure that the ordering is performed properly. The second method would be for a company to utilize an outside source to perform their purchasing and materials for manufacturing. This is a very effective method which allows a company to basically wash its hands of the entire supply chain process and holding the specialized company accountable for properly handling the purchase and ensuring accuracy. The down side is that it is very expensive to employ and outside company, this method can also not be feasible for many small brick and mortar companies. Web Site Supply ChainThe supply chain in a web site environment for an apparel company is much simpler then a tradition supply chain in many cases. The supply chain for these companies includes the purchasing of materials or finished products from other sources and creating a finished product sold under the familiar names of these companies. The use of the internet allows the goods to be purchased more efficiently then they were before. It also allows for a considerable financial savings in many cases. This is due to simplifying the whole process of procurement for the companies. They can now deal with these suppliers electronically from places all over the world. Wherever they can find the best deals for what it is they need. Orders are processed much faster this way and products can then be shipped out sooner then they would be traditionally. This allows the companies to move the products much quicker then they would ever have been able to using traditional methods. The result is larger profits for them and for the suppliers. Much of that is due to the better turn around. With the process being shortened, what is in demand can be procured in less time and sold to the customers that demand it. Supply Chain ModificationFor most brick and mortar type businesses they rely on customers actually coming into their stores to buy the goods they are looking for. However, with the advent of e-business and it success, it is harder to get people to come to these stores so they are now either going out of business or starting their own online services or e-Businesses. This  has caused many to move out of traditional spaces and into warehouses where they can store mass quantities of products and have fewer people on the payroll thus cutting costs. This also serves as a means to get more people interested in these companies as more and more people are finding it difficult or to time consuming to stand in lines for what can be hours just to buy a few things in a store with only a few registers running, this is also done to cut costs but in the long run it only serves to hurt business as people eventually get tired of the same old treatment and will go somewhere they will get fast friendly service. In many cases these customers will go to the internet versions of these same stores and get the same items delivered to their homes rather than go to these stores. For the companies previously mentioned they were for the most part off-sets from actual brick and mortar type businesses, the only exception is pyramid collection as they started as an e-business and have done quite well given their relatively small size and classification. As more and more traditional businesses are seeing market shares slip away to e-businesses, and their efforts to hold onto customers are not terribly successful. Many of these brick-and-mortars compete only with prices without regard to the level of service that consumers want. They undercut not only their online rivals, but also themselves, and their services are not financially sustainable. The best way to compete would be to take an honest look at the user experience, which is something most brick-and-mortars never do. E-businesses and traditional businesses alike could look to market leaders for solutions to their customer service shortcomings. A brick and mortar business has been the tradition for many years. As technology has become more advanced, e-business has had the opportunity to emerge into the market. It helps to save consumers time if not money all the time. By choosing to shop online, shipping charges are attached to all purchases, which brick and mortar companies do not have. The trade off has been shipping charges for a hassle free shopping experience. With e-business, a consumer can miss traffic, long lines at check outs and congestion of other shoppers. Brick and mortar companies will not go away as  they are still a needed part of the consumer market. These companies need to focus on how to get the customers back into their businesses and offline. The choice between e-business and brick and mortar businesses are determined by what consumers consider the advantage of their shopping experience. All business revolves around the consumer.

Parasite-Induced Changes in Host Behaviour

Parasite-Induced Changes in Host Behaviour Parasite-Induced Changes in Host Behaviour: Is it Truly Parasitic Manipulation? Introduction Behavioural changes in the host when infected with a parasite were first observed in 1952, when van Dobben discovered that fish caught by cormorants (waterbird) were more likely to play intermediate host to the cestode, Ligula intestinalis than fish caught by fishermen (cited in Thomas et al., 2005). However it wasn’t until 1972 that the ability of parasites to manipulate their host’s behaviour in order to facilitate their transmission was discovered and demonstrated by Holmes and Bethel (cited in Poulin, 2000). They showed that infection of the parasite, Polymorphus paraoxus caused the amphipod, Gammaeras lacustris to display abnormal behaviours that led to an increase in its predation by ducks, the definitive host of the parasite. Since then there has been considerable research carried out in this area supporting the idea that parasites have adapted in order to manipulate their host, with a large number of parasites now known to cause changes to their hosts behaviour. There is a wide array of influenced behaviours from anti-predator behaviour e.g. mice infected with the tapeworm, Taenia crassiceots show no stress response to predation (Wheat, 2009); to reproductive behaviour e.g. female mice infected with the nematode, Trinchinella spiralis show inhibition of their sexual behaviours, limiting possible mate response (Kavaliers et al., 2000). In a few cases completely new behaviours in infected hosts have been observed, for example orb-weaving spiders infected by a parasitic wasp build unusual webs that are designed to protect the emerging larva once the host spider dies (Eberhard, 2010). More recently, the idea of parasitic manipulation has come under criticism, due to the lack of supporting evidence demonstrating that these behavioural changes provide parasites with a fitness benefit (a prerequisite of an adaptive trait), either in the form of increased transmission or survival (Poulin, 1998) and has therefore been suggested that the observed ch anges may just be an inevitable consequence of infection, or in some cases mediated by the host itself in order to counteract the negative fitness effects of parasitic infection. Understanding the origin of these behavioural changes is of great importance as there are many manipulative parasites that have implications for human health, such as malaria which alters the behaviour in the mosquito in order to increase transmission to humans (Lynch et al., 2014) and Toxoplasma gondii which can alter the personality of infected individuals (Worth et al., 2014). Manipulative parasites are also seen as playing as important a role as predation in shaping biological communities, even having an influence on non-host species (Hatcher et al., 2014). Adaptive vs. Non-adaptive Behavioural Change The argument that some of the previously observed behavioural changes of the host during parasitic infection are non-adaptive and just a consequence of infection generally refers to three different kinds of phenomena (Thomas et al., 2005). The first is the idea that the behavioural changes are just a side-effect of parasitic infection and confer no adaptive value for either the parasite or its host. However this is a questionable explanation as it is highly unlikely that any such change in behaviour will not provide a positive effect for either organism. Therefore this explanation should only be used if there is strong supporting evidence and not used as a default explanation, for example the parasitic cestode, Hymenolepis diminuta was shown to cause reduced fecundity in females of the beetle intermediate host, Tenebrio molitor and was seen as a side-effect, until further research discovered that the parasite produced a substance that inhibited vitellogenin uptake (Moore, 2012). Seco ndly some behavioural changes may be considered beneficial to the parasite, but are not due to manipulation by the parasite in order to do so, for example when the parasite Ligula intestinalis infects the Roach (Rutilus rutilus) a change in host migration to areas where predation by the parasites definitive host, ichtyopahgous predatory birds, are more common is observed (Loot et al., 2001). However it was found that these areas are more productive and it is therefore more likely that the increased energy demands caused by the parasitic infection had caused the Roach to migrate to these areas in order to negate this negative effect of the parasitic infection and increase its own fitness. Thirdly other adaptations by the parasite may have coincidentally caused behavioural changes in the host which unintentionally led to an increase in the transmission of the parasite to its definitive host, for example Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) are commonly infected by the trematode, Orni thodiplostomum ptychocheilus which caused a reduction in behaviours associated with host vision by the encystment of the parasite in the optic lobes, which leads to an increase in its predation by piscivorous birds. However this encystment in the eye may originally been favored by selection as it offers the parasite protection from the host’s immune system and not because it increased the transmission of the parasite to its definitive host (Shirakashi and Goater, 2005) On the other hand the argument for the adaptive nature of behavioural changes of the host during parasite infection is normally supported by the idea that it should show some degree of specificity in the intermediate host, for example P. laevis induces various behavioural and physiological changes in the crustacean amphipod, Gammarus pulex, such as altered drifting behaviour, altered anti-predator behaviour, partial castration and lower immune activity. These changes are not observed in Gammarus roeseli a closely related species, showing that the alterations by the parasite are specific to Gammarus pulex (Lagrue et al., 2007) Examinations on the effect of the acanthocephalan parasite, Moniliformis moniliformis on the behaviour of different species of cockroaches by Moore and Gotelli found that different behavioural changes had evolved for different species of cockroach supporting the adaptive nature of the host behavioural change (cited in Poulin, 1998). Indirect methods have also be en used to demonstrate the adaptive nature of altered behaviours in the host by determining whether the timing of observed behavioural changes coincide with the period when the parasite is infective to its next host. For example Tribolium confusum beetles infected with the nematode, Protospirura muricola only show observable changes in the behaviour of the beetles that make them more vulnerable to predation when the parasite has developed to the third larval stage. No behavioural change is observed in beetles home to the first and second larval stage. (Schutgens et al., 2013) Behaviour as a Form of Host Defense Not all changes in behaviour can be attributed to the manipulation of the host by the parasite as they do not benefit the parasite. The host is under selection to avoid parasites, and when possible to compensate for the negative effects of infection. Behaviour is often used in order to achieve this and is the first line of defence against parasites as it allows animals to avoid becoming infected in the first place (Moore, 2012). Animals may avoid infection by parasite propagules through behavioural means such as territoriality, site-specific defecation and mate selection. More drastic measures may be taken when trying to avoid ectoparasites, including migration, shifting habitats and lethal combat e.g. howler monkeys invest a significant proportion of their energy to slap at flies, and execute over 1500 slaps in a 12 hour resting period. Once a host becomes infected with a parasite, its behaviour will also be altered in order to minimise damage caused by the parasite. For example ani mals display sickness behaviours e.g. fever and behavioural chills, which may help in obtaining the benefit of increased care from other members of a group/population. Some animals, for example Chimpanzees, show self-medicating behaviour in which infected animals may consume medicinal plants that are not part of their usual diet. It is also possible in some cases that both parasite and host are shown to benefit from a change in host behaviour, in these cases it can be difficult to determine which organism is responsible for change, or whether it is a shared adaptation, for example caterpillars of several butterfly species play host to braconid wasp parasitoids and unlike non-parasitised individuals they perch at the top of high branches. It has been suggested this benefits the host by making itself more likely to eaten by a predator, killing both the parasitoid and host, but protecting its nearby relatives from the parasite. However it may also help the parasite by reducing the risk of hyperparasitism and therefore increasing its chance of survival. (Poulin, 1998). Conclusion Up to this point mainly laboratory based studies have been carried out in order to assess host behavioural changes due to parasite infection. Future research into the area needs to include field based studies in order to fully assess these changes in the natural environment. Currently very little is known about the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying these changes. Therefore the basis as to how parasites cause these behavioural changes in there host is an area that needs to be addressed in order for these behavioural changes to ever be fully understood. Word Count: 1490 References Thomas, F., Adamo, S. and Moore, J. 2005. Parasitic manipulation: where are we and where should we go? Behavioural Processes, 68: 185-199 Poulin, R. 2000. Manipulation of host behaviour by parasites: a weakening paradigm? Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences, 267 (1445): 787-792 Wheat, S. E. B. 2009. Parasitic manipulation: The current state and future direction. University of Sheffield, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences Kavaliers, M., Colwell, D. D. and Choleris, E. 2000. Parasites and behaviour: An ethopharmacological perspective. Parasitology Today. 16 (11): 464-468 Eberhard, G. W. 2010. New types of behavioural manipulation of host spiders by a parasitoid wasp. Psyche: A Journal of Entomology. 2010: 1-4 Poulin, R. 1998. Evolution and phylogeny of behavioural manipulation of insect hosts by parasites. Parasitology. 116: S3-S11 Cator, L. J., Lynch, P. A., Thomas, M. B. and Read, A. F. 2014. Alterations in mosquito behaviour by malaria parasites: potential impact on force of infection. Malaria Journal. 13(164) Worth, A. R., Lymbery, A. J. and Thompson, R. C. A. 2013. Adaptive host manipulation by Toxoplasma gondii: fact or fiction? Trends in Parasitology. 29(4): 150-155 Hatcher, M. J., Dick, J. T. A. and Dunn, A. M. 2014. Parasites that change predator or prey behaviour can have keystone effects on community composition. Biology Letters. 10: 20130879 Moore, J. 2012. An overview of parasite-induced behavioural alterations – and some lessons from bats. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 216: 11-17 Loot, G., Brosse, S., Lek, S. and Guegan, J. F. 2001. Behaviour of roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) altered by Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea: a field demonstration. Freshwater Biology. 46: 1219-1227 Shirakashi, S. and Goater, C. P. 2005. Chronology of parasite-induced alteration of fish behaviour; effects of parasite maturation and host experience. Parasitology. 130: 177-183 Lagrue, C., Kaldonski, N., Perrot-Minnot, M. J., Motreuil, S. and Bollache, L. 2007. Modification of hosts’ behaviour by a parasite: field evidence for adaptive manipulation. Ecology. 88(11): 2839-2847 Schutgens, M., Cook, B., Gilbert, F. and Behnke, J. M. 2013. Behavioural changes in the flour beetle Tribolium confusum infected with the spirurid nematode Protospirura muricola. Journal of Helminthology. 1-12

Importance of Ensuring That Others Are Aware Of Own Whereabouts

Importance of Ensuring That Others Are Aware Of Own Whereabouts 1.1 Identify legislation relating to general health and safety in a health or social care work setting. The Health and Safety at Work act 1974 relates to the general health and safety in a healthcare work setting. This acts as an umbrella for the other legislations which we must follow: MANUAL HANDLING OPERATION REGULATIONS 1992 -Moving Handling Techniques which are used to move people and objects in a manor which will avoid injury CONTROL OF SUBSTANCES HAZARDOUS TO HEALTH 2002 (COSHH) carers should have a full understanding of disposing of and storing of all substance especially with regards Infection control. All carers must understand the importance of infection control whilst caring for individuals REPORTING OF INJURIES DISEASES AND DANGEROUS OCCURENCES 1995 (RIDDOR) The carer should have a good understanding of the requirements of reporting accidents and ill health FOOD SAFETY ACT 1990 Food Hygiene The carer should be able to cook, prepare and store foods which are safe and would avoid food poisoning. Describe the main points of the health and safety policies and procedures agreed with the employer. HEALTH SAFETY AT WORK ACT 1974 This was the first act to protect all employees regardless of their work place. It puts the onus on the employer to create a safe working environment for all employees. It says the employer must ensure the health safety of all people on the premise sand to eliminate risks where ever possible. It also states that employers must maintain their safety and that of others with whom they work. The types of things you must do in relation to this act are: Attend all mandatory and any other relevant training eg. Manual Handling, Fire safety, S.O.V.A, Infection Control. Recognise and report signs of potential danger eg worn carpets, trailing cables, blocked fire exits Recognise and report signs of potential violence or abuse Report all accident in the accident book Never work if you are ill with a communicable illness, or under the influence of alcohol or drugs Follow COSHH regulations dispose of contaminated waste correctly. Store Dangerous substances correctly CONTROL OF SUBSTANCES HAZARDOUS TO HEALTH2002 What are hazardous substances? This can include things such as chemicals, fumes, dust, vapours, mist, gases. It is most likely that the main hazardous substances you will encounter will be cleaning chemicals, clinical waste, soiled laundry and body fluids such as urine and blood. You will need to have a full understanding of the correct way to handle and store hazardous substances and also the correct way to dispose of them. Wear apron and gloves wash hands before and after to maintain infection control Store hazardous substances according to the manufacturers instructions Know correct procedure in the event of a spillage Dispose of hazardous waste in the correct manner REPORTING OF INJURIES DISEASES AND DANGEROUS OCCURENCES 1995 The reporting of accidents and ill health at work is a legal requirement. All accidents and dangerous occurrences should be reported to the incident contact centre which was established in April 2001. Reportable diseases include: Certain poisons Some skin diseases such as dermatitis, skin cancer, ulcers Lung disease, including occupational asthma Reportable injuries include: Fractures other than fingers, thumbs or toes Amputation Burns Dislocation of shoulder, hip, knee or spine Carers should always report accidents in the accident book and to their Line Manager FOOD SAFETY ACT 1990 This act makes it an offence to offer a service user contaminated food which may be injurious to health. It is important as a carer that you check the date on food, ensure it has been stored correctly, and it is cooked correctly. Ensure it has not been contaminated by cross infection, therefore always wear appropriate PPE when handling and preparing food. The carer should be able to cook prepare and store foods which are safe and would avoid food poisoning. Outline the main health and safety responsibilities of: Self Take reasonable care for your own safety and that of others Co-operate with the employer in respect of health safety matters Not intentionally damage any health safety equipment or materials provided by the employer Using the systems and procedures correctly Reporting flaws or gaps in the systems, equipment or procedures in use the employer or manager Provide a safe workplace Ensure safe access to and from the workplace provide information on health safety provide health safety training undertake risk assessments for al hazards Update systems and procedures others in the work setting Express their needs and preferences in the area of their health and well-being Individuals should be encouraged to understand and take responsibility for promoting their own health care Assess and manage risks to their health and well-being Identify and report any factors that may put themselves or others at risk Visitors to sign in on arrival and wear id badges if appropriate Identify tasks relating to health and safety that should not be carried out without special training Carers should not complete any tasks they do not feel competent to do or which they have not been fully trained to carry out. This could include: Manual handling Medication Health emergencies Explain how to access additional support and information relating to health and safety Any support or advice Ii need with regards Health safety can be obtained from my line manager or from the workplace policies and procedures. Understand the use of risk assessments in relation to health and safety Explain why it is important to assess health and safety hazards posed by the work setting or by particular activities It is important to risk assess health and safety hazards at work because they may cause harm or loss of life to members of the workforce. This would then result in the owner of a company being sued and prosecuted that is why risk assessment is needed. Explain how and when to report potential health and safety risks that have been identified I would report health and safety concerns to my line manager, and would report these as soon as they come into direct contact with me. It is my duty as a Care Worker to report any potential health and saftefy risks that have been identified, in conjunction with the GSCC Code of practice, which states; Bringing to the attention of your employer or the appropriate authority resource or operational difficulties that might get in the way of the delivery of safe care. Informing your employer or an appropriate authority where the practice of colleagues may be unsafe or adversely affecting standards of care. The Health Safety at work Act 1974 also states that employers must maintain their safety and that of others with whom they work. Explain how risk assessment can help address dilemmas between rights and health and safety concerns Risk assessment can address dilemmas with rights and health and safety because clients can express their own rights to do what they want even though it can be defined as risky behaviour. If it is documented and a risk management plan is put in place the company can cover their own backs if anything goes wrong whilst a client is participating in risky behaviour. Understand procedures for responding to accidents and sudden illness Describe different types of accidents and sudden illness that may occur in own work setting The most common types of accidents are: Slipss due to spills/Wet areas (bathrooms) Trips due to trailing wires/Objects left lying around/Frayed carpets, Falls out of bed/down steps/stairs The types of sudden illness could be: Sickness diarrhoea, food poisoning, stroke, heart attack, shingles, influenza, scabies Outline the procedures to be followed if an accident or sudden illness should occur The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 Carers have legal duties under RIDDOR that require us to report and record some work-related accidents by the quickest means possible. Any major injuries must be reported to RIDDOR immediately. This includes fractures other than to fingers, thumbs and toes and loss of sight (Temporarily or permanently) Any injury which occurred at work and causes a person to be off work for over 3 days must be reported. Be able to reduce the spread of infection Demonstrate the recommended method for hand washing Demonstrate ways to ensure that own health and hygience do not pose a risk to others at work Wash hands before and after attending a service user Wear PPE when assisting individuals with personal care Dont attend work if you have a contagious illness Be able to move and handle equipment and other objects safely Identify legislation that relates to moving and handling Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 The employer must : decide what could harm you in your job and the precautions to stop it. This is part of risk assessment. In a way you can understand, explain how risks will be controlled and tell you version of pocket card who is responsible for this. Consult and work with you and your health and safety representatives in protecting everyone from harm in the workplace. Free of charge, give you the health and safety training you need to do your job Free of charge, provide you with any equipment and protective clothing you need, and ensure it is properly looked after. Carer must: Follow the training they have received when using any work items the employer has provided . Take reasonable care of their own and other peoples health and safety Co-operate with their employer on health and safety. Tell someone if they think the work or inadequate precautions are putting anyones health and safety at serious risk Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 avoid hazardous manual handling operations so far as reasonably practicable; assess any hazardous manual handling operations that cannot be avoided; and reduce the risk of injury so far as reasonably practicable. Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 PUWER In general terms, the Regulations require that equipment provided for use at work is: suitable for the intended use safe for use, maintained in a safe condition and, in certain circumstances, inspected to ensure this remains the case; used only by people who have received adequate information, instruction and training accompanied by suitable safety measures, eg protective devices, markings, warnings. Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations (1992) -LOLER Generally, the Regulations require that lifting equipment provided for use at work is: strong and stable enough for the particular use and marked to indicate safe working loads; positioned and installed to minimise any risks; used safely, ie the work is planned, organised and performed by competent people; and subject to ongoing thorough examination and, where appropriate, inspection by competent people. 5.2 Explain principles for moving and handling equipment and other objects safely Avoid hazardous manual handling operations so far as is reasonably practicable, for example by redesigning the task to avoid moving the load or by automating or mechanising the process. Make a suitable and sufficient assessment of any hazardous manual handling operations that cannot be avoided. Reduce the risk of injury from those operations so far as is reasonably practicable. Where possible, you should provide mechanical assistance, for example a sack trolley or hoist. Where this is not reasonably practicable, look at ways of changing the task, the load and working environment Move and handle equipment or other objects safely Ensure you attend manual handling training on a regular basis Check the equipment is in a clean, safe working condition before use Check the environment for obstructions, trip hazards Avoid manual handling operations where reasonably practical Always use equipment that is provided Wear appropriate footwear and clothing Check the individuals care plan risk assessment Communicate with the individual and other staff how the move will take place Report any changes to the individuals mobility for risk assessment reassessment Know how to handle hazardous substances and materials Identify hazardous substances and materials that may be found in the work setting Cleaning chemicals such as bleach clinical waste e.g. Soiled pads, soiled dressings, used sharps soiled laundry body fluids such as urine and blood Describe safe practices for: Storing hazardous substances Every workplace must have a COSHH file. The file lists all the hazardous substances used in the workplace. It should detail: Where they are kept How they are labelled Their effects The maximum amount of time it is safe to be exposed to them How to deal with an emergency involving one of them Hazardous substances such as cleaning materials should be returned to a locked cupboard at all times, and always stored in their original container, then ensured that clearly labelled. This is to avoid service users being able to obtain and accidentally swallow them. Using hazardous substances When using or handling hazardous substances the Carer should wear appropriate PPE, which would include gloves, apron, mask, and eye shield depending on what the substance is. For example, The COSHH Approved code of Practice (ACoP) recommends that exposure be prevented by: Altering work methods so that the task that causes exposure is no longer carried out à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" for example, the Carer should be aware that mixing common household cleaning products such as bleach, chlorine or other similar general home cleaning products can cause serious injuries and respiratory problems: Common cleaning products may be dangerous when mixed. Therefore the Carer must be aware of the following when carrying out tasks within the service users home: Do not mix bleach and ammonia. Do not mix bleach and acids. Do not use two drain cleaners together, or one right after the other. The following are some of the chemicals that may be hazardous if mixed/not used correctly: Ammonia: In addition to ammonia purchased as a cleaning product, ammonia may be found in the following: some glass and window cleaners urine (be careful if you clean cat litter boxes or use a diaper pail) some interior and exterior paints. Acids: Products containing acids include: vinegar some glass and window cleaners some automatic dishwasher detergents and rinses some toilet bowl cleaners some drain cleaners some lime, calcium and rust removal products some brick and concrete cleaners Dangers of mixing these common cleaning products include: Mixing bleach and ammonia: When bleach is mixed with ammonia, toxic gases called chloramines are produced. Exposure to chloramine gases can cause: coughing shortness of breath chest pain wheezing nausea watery eyes irritation to the throat, nose and eyes pneumonia and fluid in the lungs Mixing bleach and acids: When chlorine bleach is mixed with an acid, chlorine gas is given off. Chlorine gas and water combine to make hydrochloric and hypochlorous acids. Chlorine gas exposure, even at low levels, almost always irritates the mucous membranes (eyes, throat, and nose), and causes coughing and breathing problems, burning and watery eyes, and a runny nose. Higher levels of exposure can cause chest pain, more severe breathing difficulties, vomiting, pneumonia, and fluid in the lungs. Very high levels can cause death. Chlorine can be absorbed through the skin, resulting in pain, inflammation, swelling, and blistering. Hydrochloric acid also causes burns to the skin, eyes, nose, throat, mouth and lungs. Mixing bleach and other cleaning products: Bleach also reacts with some oven cleaners, hydrogen peroxide, and some insecticides. With the above cautions in mind the carer should therefore ensure their own safety and the safety of the Service User by ensuring the following, when deemed appropriate and necessary: modifying the process to remove hazardous substances, including by-products or waste substituting the hazardous substance with a less hazardous type or form of the substance, e.g. using granules instead of powder to reduce dust levels or a less volatile solvent in a process. If exposure cannot be prevented, it must be adequately controlled. The hierarchy of control measures can be summarised as follows. Eliminate Dont use the hazardous substance or avoid the procedure which causes exposure. Substitute Change the material or working practice to one less hazardous. Enclose Enclose the hazardous substances or process in a closed system. Disposing of hazardous substances and materials The Carer should always ensure clinical waste is placed into the yellow bag (if available) or double wrapped in a plastic bag, soiled linen into the correct laundry bag, sharps into the used sharps bin. Other chemicals should be disposed of as indicated on the label. All clinical waste handling and disposal procedures must comply with The controlled Waste Regulations, The environmental Protection Act including Duty of care regulations, The carriage of Dangerous Goods Regulations and the Hazardous Waste Regulations. All these regulations come under the umbrella regulation The Environment Protection Regulations (Waste Disposal). Understand how to promote fire safety in the work setting Describe practices that prevent fires from: Starting and spreading No smoking on the premises except in designated areas à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" check workplace polices No candles to be lit in the building à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" check workplace policies Ensure fire doors are kept closed Attend regular fire safety training Know where alarms, extinguishers, fire blankets can be located in the building and how to use them Regular fire drills Ensure empty boxes etc are disposed of outside the building immediately they are empty Dont leave open flames unattended in the kitchen. Dont leave electric irons unattended Dont leave flammable items near heat source Outline emergency procedures to be followed in the event of a fire in the work setting Each workplace will have their own procedures which must be followed in the case of an emergency. All workplaces must display information about what actions to take in case of fire. The procedure is likely to be similar to: Raise the alarm Dial 999 Ensure that everyone is safe and out of danger If it is safe to do so, attack the fire with the correct extinguisher Go to the fire assembly point (This will be stated on the fire procedure notice) Do not return to the building for any reason Explain the importance of maintaining clear evacuation routes at all times The Fire Precautions (Workplace) (Amendment) Regulations 1999 requires that all workplaces should be inspected by the fire authority. Part of the regulation states that routes to emergency exits from a workplace and exits themselves are kept clear at all times and that all emergency exits and routes lead as directly as possible to a place of safety. This is important for the safety of yourself, the service users, colleagues and any visitors to the building 8 Implement Security measures in the work setting Use agreed ways of working for checking the identity of anyone requesting access to: Premises: Check workplace procedures. The identity of all visitors to the workplace should be checked. This can be done in a variety of ways Check their id card Check with the person they have the appointment with All visitors should sign in the visitors book. This aids the number count in case of a fire. If someone wanted to gain access to the premises while I was at a service users property, I could phone my line manager to confirm whether I am scheduled any visits from anyone. Open the door on latch and get the person to present some identification to who they are and what they want. If I am still suspicious, phone the police. Implement measures to protect own security and the security of others in the work setting If anyone requests information on a client, I would refer them to my manager if they are claiming to be a fellow healthcare professional. My manager would have a better insight as to who is involved in a persons care and should be able to pass them onto the companys Caldecott Guardian who protects all confidential information within the company. Practicing safely and professionally will protect own security and others in the workplace, such as following policies and procedures, reading my service users personal care plan and risk assessments, and just basically knowing my job inside out and practicing in a safe manner. 8.3 Explain the importance of ensuring that others are aware of own whereabouts The importance of letting others know where you are helps stop staff getting kidnapped or assaulted whilst in a clients house. Also, if there is a fire in a building and you sign in, the fire brigade know exactly how many people are left in that building when it comes to evacuating it. 9 Know how to manage own stress 9.1 Identify common signs and indicators of stress Common signs of stress are depression, anxiety, insomnia, mood swings, and illness due to lower immune system. 9.2 Identify circumstances that tend to trigger own stress Circumstances that tend to trigger my own stress are over tiredness and dealing with complex traumas. 9.3 Describe ways to manage own stress I manage stress through my days off, exercise, eating a healthy diet and maintaining a healthy sleep pattern à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" these are all vital for my own well-being and therefore enable me to be more professional and proficient in my work role and duties.

Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome :: essays research papers

Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) is a disease that has emerged in North America only recently. Its source is a virus carried by rodents, particularly the deer mouse, and transmitted by direct contact with their droppings. Symptoms appear within the one to six weeks of initial exposure, and initially include muscle aches, fever, and other flu-like symptoms. After a while, the victim may experience shortness of breath and coughing resulting from decreased circulation in the lungs and a lowered white blood cell count coupled with opportunistic infections. At this stage if they are not brought to a hospital soon they stand the risk of dying within the next twenty-four hours.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This disease, although not new, has experienced a large re-emergence in the southwestern United States and Mexico due to the arid climates in those areas. Cases have been spread all over the western U.S. with even a few in the east, but nearly half of the cases to date have been in the Four Corners area. In a dry area, the disease’s incubation is somewhat longer, making the chances of contracting it somewhat higher. In places such as woodpiles and sheds where there is little air circulation to move off the virus, it can linger for a sizeable duration of time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The best method of fighting the hanta virus is prevention. By controlling the rodent population and preventing them from entering houses and sheds, the risk of infection can be lowered. Furthermore, educating those in high-risk areas of the signs of the disease and what to do about them significantly lowers the likelihood of death. The virus cannot spread from human to human even during its peak state, but since exposed persons may not show symptoms for some weeks the likelihood of other people becoming infected by the same source is considerable. For this reason it is important that those living in areas where it is or may be present know how to avoid contracting it. This includes allowing sheds and other closed areas to ventilate well before entering them, checking for signs of rodent infestations, and minimizing factors that attract rodents.

Karl Marx :: essays research papers

The late 1800's was a time period where new ideas, theories, and philosophies ran through the minds of many young people. Amongst them was a man be the name of Karl Marx who stood out in the crowd. Known as a man of great integrity and intelligence, Marx was thought to be one of the greatest thinkers of all time. "Philosophy and Myth in Karl Marx: 2nd Edition" by Robert C. Tucker is a book about Marx and his philosophies. Robert C. Tucker in this book ventures out to critique and give an interpretation of Marx's philosophical thoughts. Marx's was the man who was responsible for the well known and highly acclaimed philosophy of Marxism also known as Communism. Karl Marx was born in the German Rhineland to a well-cultured family, one that was not revolutionary. As a young man he received a classical education. Marx entered the University of Berlin where he read law, majoring in history as well as philosophy. His years at the university was the time period that was a turning point in Marx's life. From his early school days, philosophy had been a subject that sparked interest in Karl Marx. He was greatly concerned with humans' freedom and reviving the ancient concept of communism. The University of Berlin was where Marx had first become acquainted with the philosophy of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. Hegel's ideas known, as Hegelianism was the concept where the main focus was a self- alienated man. Man should worship himself as a Superior Being. What attracted Marx to Hegel was his "surmounting of the characteristic difficulty of idealism." However, when Marx was later introduced to the philosophies of Feuerbach, his thou ghts completely changed. According to Feuerbach,"man has so far in history lived primarily a life of religion, and that the essences of religion is man's estrangement from himself," At the same time of Marx becoming acquainted with these thoughts, he was jumping from one place to another causing his family to live in wretched poverty. Later on, using both the concepts of Hegelianism and of Feuerbach, Marx arrived at the formulation of his own philosophical anthropology. He first states that the primary determinant of history is economics where the history of society is viewed as the history of class struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariats. The bourgeoisie are successful by extracting money from the proletariats for profit.

Ideas About Trust in William Maxwell’s What He Was Like :: Maxwell What He Was Like Essays Trusting

In William Maxwell’s â€Å"What He Was Like†, the characters’ trust in each other changes throughout the story. For example, the father trusts that his diaries will remain unread, but this does not happen. However, the mother understands and obeys this trust. Unfortunately, the daughter does not understand her father’s trust. A person’s ideas about trust change after reading this story. â€Å"He was aware that his remarks were sometimes far from kind, but the person they were about was never going to read them, so what difference did it make† (p. 43). The father hides his diaries because he does not want his diaries to be read. The father does not request that his diaries be destroyed after his death because he trusts that they will not be read. If the father were still alive to know that his diaries are read, he would be disappointed and upset. The mother understands her husbands trust and she will not read his diaries. â€Å"... She saw where he had hidden the current volume, was tempted to open it and see what it was he didn’t want her to know, and then thought better of it and replaced the papers, exactly as they were before† (p. 44). The mother does not need to read the diaries to know what her husband is like. She knows that what her husband thinks is secret and unkind because she also has unkind thoughts. The couple’s daughter does not understand her father’s trust because she is young and does not have the wisdom that is acquired through age. Although her mother warns her not to read the diaries, the daughter does so anyway. â€Å"’It makes me feel I can never trust anybody ever again† (p. 46). The daughter learns that every person thinks dark things that are disturbing for other people to know.

Indian Mathematicians Essay

He was born on 22na of December 1887 in a small village of Tanjore district, Madras. He failed in English in Intermediate, so his formal studies were stopped but his self-study of mathematics continued. He sent a set of 120 theorems to Professor Hardy of Cambridge. As a result he invited Ramanujan to England. Ramanujan showed that any big number can be written as sum of not more than four prime numbers. He showed that how to divide the number into two or more squares or cubes. When Mr .Litlewood came to see Ramanujan in taxi number 1729, Ramanujan said that 1729 is the smallest number which can be written in the form of sum of cubes of two numbers in two ways, i.e. 1729 = 93 + 103 = 13 + 123 since then the number 1729 is called Ramanujan’s number. In the third century B.C, Archimedes noted that the ratio of circumference of a circle to its diameter is constant. The ratio is now called ‘pi ( ÃŽ   )’ (the 16th letter in the Greek alphabet series) The largest numbers the Greeks and the Romans used were 106 whereas Hindus used numbers as big as 1053 with specific names as early as 5000 B.C. during the Vedic period. Srinivasa Ramanujan Aiyangar was an Indian Mathematician who was born in Erode, India in 1887 on December 22. He was born into a family that was not very well to do. He went to school at the nearby place, Kumbakonam. Ramanujan is very well known for his efforts on continued fractions and series of hypergeometry. When Ramanujan was thirteen, he could work out Loney’s Trigonometry exercises without any help. At the of fourteen, he was able to acquire the theorems of cosine and sine given by L. Euler. Synopsis of Elementary Results in Pure and Applied Mathematics by George Shoobridge Carr was reached by him in 1903. The book helped him a lot and opened new dimensions to him were opened which helped him introduce about 6,165 theorems for himself. As he had no proper and good books in his reach, he had to figure out on his own the solutions for all the questions. It was in this quest that he discovered many tremendous methods and new algebraic series ARYABHATA Aryabhatta was born in 476A.D in Kusumpur, India. He was the first person to say that Earth is spherical and it revolves around the sun. He gave the formula (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab He taught the method of solving the following problems: Aryabhata wrote many mathematical and astronomical treatises. His chief work was the ‘Ayrabhatiya’ which was a compilation of mathematics and astronomy. The name of this treatise was not given to it by Aryabhata but by later commentators. A disciple by him called the ‘Bhaskara’ names it ‘Ashmakatanra’ meaning ‘treatise from the Ashmaka’. This treatise is also referred to as ‘Ayra-shatas-ashta’ which translates to ‘Aryabhata’s 108’. This is a very literal name because the treatise did in fact consist of 108 verses. It covers several branches of mathematics such as algebra, arithmetic, plane and spherical trigonometry. Also included in it are theories on continued fractions, sum of power series, sine tables and quadratic equations. Aryabhata worked on the place value system using letters to signify numbers and stating qualities. He also came up with an approximation of pi ( ) and area of a triangle. He introduced the concept of sine in his work called ‘Ardha-jya’ which is translated as ‘half-chord’. SHAKUNTALA DEVI She was born in 1939 In 1980, she gave the product of two, thirteen digit numbers within 28 seconds, many countries have invited her to demonstrate her extraordinary talent. In Dallas she competed with a computer to see who give the cube root of 188138517 faster, she won. At university of USA she was asked to give the 23rd root of 91674867692003915809866092758538016248310668014430862240712651642793465704086709659 32792057674808067900227830163549248523803357453169351119035965775473400756818688305 620821016129132845564895780158806771. She answered in 50seconds. The answer is 546372891. It took a UNIVAC 1108 computer, full one minute (10 seconds more) to confirm that she was right after it was fed with 13000 instructions. BHASKARACHARYA He was born in a village of Mysore district. He was the first to give that any number divided by 0 gives infinity (00). He has written a lot about zero, surds, permutation and combination. He wrote,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The hundredth part of the circumference of a circle seems to be straight. Our earth is a big sphere and that’s why it appears to be flat.† He gave the formulae like sin(A  ± B) = sinA.cosB  ± cosA.sinB Niels Henrik Abel born August 5, 1802, island of Finnà ¸y, near Stavanger, Norway—died April 6, 1829, Froland), Norwegian mathematician, a pioneer in the development of several branches of modern mathematics. Abel’s father was a poor Lutheran minister who moved his family to the parish of Gjerstad, near the town of Risà ¸r in southeast Norway, soon after Niels Henrik was born. In 1815 Niels entered the cathedral school in Oslo, where his mathematical talent was recognized in 1817 with the arrival of a new mathematics teacher, Bernt Michael Holmboe, who introduced him to the classics in mathematical literature and proposed original problems for him to solve. Abel studied the mathematical works of the 17th-century Englishman Sir Isaac Newton, the 18th-century German Leonhard Euler, and his contemporaries the Frenchman Joseph-Louis Lagrange and the German Carl Friedrich Gauss in preparation for his own research. Abel’s father died in 1820, leaving the family in straitened circumstances, but Holmboe contributed and raised funds that enabled Abel to enter the University of Christiania (Oslo) in 1821. Abel obtained a preliminary degree from the university in 1822 and continued his studies independently with further subsidies obtained by Holmboe. Abel’s first papers, published in 1823, were on functional equations and integrals; he was the first person to formulate and solve an integral equation. His friends urged the Norwegian government to grant him a fellowship for study in Germany and France. In 1824, while waiting for a royal decree to be issued, he published at his own expense his proof of the impossibility of solving algebraically the general equation of the fifth degree, which he hoped would bring him recognition. He sent the pamphlet to Gauss, who dismissed it, failing to recognize that the famous problem had indeed been settled. Abel spent the winter of 1825–26 with Norwegian friends in Berlin, where he met August Leopold Crelle, civil engineer and self-taught enthusiast of mathematics, who became his close friend and mentor. With Abel’s warm encouragement, Crelle founded the Journal fà ¼r die reine und angewandte Mathematik (â€Å"Journal for Pure and Applied Mathematics†), commonly known as Crelle’s Journal. The first volume (1826) contains papers by Abel,  including a more elaborate version of his work on the quintic equation. Other papers dealt with equation theory, calculus, and theoretical mechanics. Later volumes presented Abel’s theory of elliptic functions, which are complex functions (see complex number) that generalize the usual trigonometric functions. In 1826 Abel went to Paris, then the world centre for mathematics, where he called on the f oremost mathematicians and completed a major paper on the theory of integrals of algebraic functions. His central result, known as Abel’s theorem, is the basis for the later theory of Abelian integrals and Abelian functions, a generalization of elliptic function theory to functions of several variables. However, Abel’s visit to Paris was unsuccessful in securing him an appointment, and the memoir he submitted to the French Academy of Sciences was lost. Abel returned to Norway heavily in debt and suffering from tuberculosis. He subsisted by tutoring, supplemented by a small grant from the University of Christiania and, beginning in 1828, by a temporary teaching position. His poverty and ill health did not decrease his production; he wrote a great number of papers during this period, principally on equation theory and elliptic functions. Among them are the theory of polynomial equations with Abelian groups. He rapidly developed the theory of elliptic functions in competition with the German Carl Gustav Jacobi. By this time Abel’s fame had spread to all mathematical centres, and strong efforts were made to secure a suitable position for him by a group from the French Academy, who addressed King Bernadotte of Norway-Sweden; Crelle also worked to secure a professorship for him in Berlin. In the fall of 1828 Abel became seriously ill, and his condition deteriorated on a sled trip at Christmastime to visit his fiancà ©e at Froland, where he died. The French Academy published his memoir in 1841.

Aristotle and His Numerous Essay

Aristotle As an important visualise head in the field of doctrine, Aristotle and his numerous influences will be detailed. Identification and evaluation of key c at one timepts and analyses that comprised his theories will be discussed along with identification and description of his contri simplyions to the field of philosophy will also be transferered. Lastly, hike up discussion will focus on how the culture and the time period influenced his ideology. Metaphysics Metaphysics is a branch philosophy c erstrned with pardoning the complete nature of being. It is considered to be one of the great philosophical works.It kind of piggy backs off of Platos surmisal of forms. Plato believed that the nature of occasions is unadulterated and doesnt trans industrial plant, scarcely we make do from however living in this world that cultivates ar forever changing daily. Aristotle wanted to represent these contradictory statements of the views of the world. Aristotle affair d the influence of both Heraclitus and Parmenides. One believed that things appear to be long-lived but they be re all(prenominal) toldy stepwise changing all the time. Parmenides, argued certain conclusions could be reached by using reason wholly and making no use of senses. aft(prenominal) studying at the Academy, Aristotle would hitch against his teaching and felt that on that point was a association surrounded by the abstraction of existence and the light of nature. Aristotle described amount of money as sensible reality and formal and discusses the connection amidst actuality and authorisationity. According to Aristotle, the being of any single(a) thing is primarily defined by what it is, i. e. by its substance. It is both Substratum (matter) and shopping centre (form) and bum combine them both (form and matter). He also believed that wisdom is knowledge and term of faith cause of things.He explained that there be four causes of things the purpose for which a thing has being (the final cause), the source of proceeding or change in a thing (the efficient cause), the matter and unfastened of a thing (the material cause), and the substance or essence of a thing (the formal cause). He also believed that change will occur in something in auberge for its strength to become a reality. In order to hold back a cause and affect parityship between cardinal different things, it will embarrass the potentiality of a cause to advance and effect and an effect to be produced by a cause.According to Aristotle, there has to be actual potentiality in order for an event to happen and if its potentiality can become actuality. Epistemology Aristotle was the initiatoryly to formalize a mental hospitalalism epistemology. Foundationalism is the idea that knowledge claims argon eventually justified by rootage principles. I intend to define and describe these first principles as well as explain how it is we come to know the first principles. A firs t principle is an infallible truth, Kath auto, in itself. These first principles atomic number 18 not conclusions of anterior arguments, but the absence of the need of an argument, in and of itself.First principles be also called the archai, nous, cause and the axioms. When Aristotle speaks of Archai and axioms his pie-eyeding is, that which is the beginning. It is for this reason that geometry passed buck the language of the axioms. Of first principles there argon devil important types 1. Axioms or parking area principles are the general or world(a) truths 2. Posits or proper principles are the thesis or truths to a certain science. Also, among the posits are suppositions, that something is or is not, and definitions of what something is.The only way to know the first principles is by dint of nous. Nous uses generalisation through perception to grasp the first principles. Nous is the capacity of rational supposition and understanding. It is through a perceptual dish that the first principles can be cognise. The functioning followed in coming to know the first principles is through, use of perception, a potentiality that Aristotle believes all animals possess in varying degrees. 1. esthesis is the first step, and the bases for memory. 2. Memory is a potentiality that many animals possess. 3.Experience comes from the first appearance of memory some animals gift the potential to assure. 4. Human beings alone have the potential to make a rational flier of their perceptions. The axioms and first principles can only be induced from that which persists in the world we experience the world as we know it. In many ways Aristotles epistemology has survived the interrogations of time. It seems settle Aristotles foundational views are accurate. As a linear theories of justification Aristotle leaves us with a justified belief, with which we can have a great certainty in relation to its validity.Full filling the common test of epistemology as a just ified, true, belief. There is secondary or no truth attributed to an immeasurable regress of justification. Just as there is little or no ground for circular theories of justification. Either proposes a vacuum cleaner in justification, by justifying with a antecedent axiom or by always continuing to a deeper axiom in need of justification. The believe that the first principles do exist and that they can be grasped through the adult male faculty, known as nous, is divided implicitly by more than of the world straightaway and is the legacy of Aristotle.Axiology Aristotle was best known for his theory on values, Golden Mean, which is about moderation, balance, and harmony for his axiological system. The basic realism, he believed in essence, which is the attributes for an object to be what it is. The main focus for Aristotle is the question of a souls character or soulfulnessality. Aristotle theory is the middle ground between completes, to get a line a lowest and highest right-hand(a). Aristotle ethics are based on the concept of doing good than just being good. A person may be kind, merciful, charitable, etc., but until he proves this by functioning others, his truth means nothing to the world, in which show window means nothing to himself. Aristotle believes that moral justices are the best character qualitys a guilt is what it is called when there are two extreme character traits. An example would be guardianship we would develop the virtuous character of bravery. If we were to use an example to show extreme trait by curbing fear, too much would be rash, which is called a fault. If, one on the other extreme, we develop a vice therefore to be cowardly.In feel it is difficult to live the virtuous aliveness because often difficult to find the mean or the middle between the two extremes. Another example would be impudence (deficiency), modesty, (mean), and bashfulness, (excess). At the top of Aristotle list for virtue is self-respect is the best virtue to have, match to him but that is, depending on them for its existence, and itself in turn tending to strengthen their force. Aristotle says moral impuissance occurs when someone does something wrong and knows it is wrong but follows his desire against reason anyways.According to Aristotle, homo functions contribute to happiness. Happiness is an exclusively human good it exists in rational military action of soul conforming to virtue. This rational operation is viewed as the supreme end of action, and so as mans perfect and self-sufficient end. So the virtue of courage would be in between those two extremes. Summary Aristotle is considered by some as the quintessential philosopher of all times. His writings and teachings have influenced many people much(prenominal) as writers, artist, politicians and scientists. One of the greatest commanders of the world was a student of Aristotle.This student was born horse parsley the Great. Alexander study under the pleade r of Aristotle until the age of sixteen learning medicine, philosophy, morals, religion, logic, and art. He was a major influence on the field of science. Alexander remained humble and appreciative for the teachings of Aristotle, as a result he helped fund his studies of animateness forms, which led to the foundation of the science of biology. Biology is the study of life and living organisms. The study of biology has help man understand the many facets of nature. Aristotle empirical views focused on biology and its motley of life.Biology has grown significantly and dramatically since the days of Aristotle, but his influences are smooth evident even by forthwiths standards. Zoology, human biology, and botany are subcategories of biology. There have been advances in the subcategory of human biology, which have led to the creation of cures for diseases once deemed incurable or preventable. Scientists are soon producing a medication touted as a radical treatment of the human imm unodeficiency virus disease. Raynor (2012), the FDA on August 28, 2012 has approved a once a day pill manufacture by Gilead Sciences called Stribild.The drug combines Truvada which itself contains two HIV drugs in addition to elvitegravir which is a brand-new HIV drug. This new drug attacks the virus in a different way. The quaternary ingredient is also new and enhances elvitegravir. This new medication can help potency the virus that causes AIDS and is aimed to be utilized on patients that have not antecedently been treated for the infection (para. 1). This advance in human biology could not have been possible without the Aristotles foresight to cover human life. His quest for knowledge has been a motivation tool for mankind to function and exist.Aristotle has also influenced the philosophies of metaphysics, epistemology, and axiology. According to Aristotle (2008), Aristotle (384322 B. C. E. ) numbers among the greatest philosophers of all time. Judged solely in impairment of his philosophical influence, only Plato is his peer Aristotles works shaped centuries of philosophy from posthumous Antiquity through the Renaissance, and even today continue to be studied with keen, non-antiquarian interest. A prodigious researcher and writer, Aristotle left a great body of work, perhaps number as many as two-hundred treatises, from which most thirty-one survive.His extant writings yoke a wide range of disciplines, from logic, metaphysics and philosophy of mind, through ethics, political theory, aesthetics and rhetoric, and into such primarily non-philosophical fields as empirical biology, where he excelled at detailed plant and animal observation and taxonomy. In all these areas, Aristotles theories have provided illumination, met with resistance, sparked debate, and generally affected the sustained interest of an abiding readership (para. 1). References Aristotle. (2008).Retrieved from http//plato. stanford. edu/entries/aristotle/ Aristotle, , & Ciulla, J . (2004). Aristotle (384322 BCE). In G. Goethals, G. Sorenson, & J. Burns (Eds. ), cyclopedia of leadership. (pp. 44-48). Thousand Oaks perspicacious Publications, Inc. doi 10. 4135/9781412952392. n15 English, F. (2006). Aristotle. In F. English (Ed. ), Encyclopedia of educational leadership and administration. (pp. 49-50). Thousand Oaks keen Publications, Inc. doi 10. 4135/9781412939584. n27 Howell, B. (2008). Aristotle (384322 b. c. ). In L.Kaid, & C. Holtz-Bacha (Eds. ), Encyclopedia of political communication. (pp. 43-46). Thousand Oaks SAGE Publications, Inc. doi 10. 4135/9781412953993. n34 Raynor, C. (2012). new-sprung(prenominal) HIV treatment combines 4 medications into a once a day pill. Retrieved from http//www. examiner. com/article/new-hiv-treatment-combines-4- medications-into-a-once-a-day-pill Sachs, J. (2001, April 11). Aristotle Ethics. Retrieved August 28, 2012, from http//www. iep. utm. edu/aris-eth/ http//www. angelfire. com/md2/timewarp/firstphilosophy. html.